Why Does GBW "Slim Down" at Low Temperatures and in Superconducting States?

Have you ever wondered why the GBW (lattice vibration) becomes so small at low temperatures and in superconducting states? Today, VBsemi will explore this interesting question together with you!

As usual, let's first briefly understand the concepts of low temperature and superconductivity with VBsemi.

Low temperature, as the name suggests, refers to temperatures lower than room temperature, usually referring to temperatures close to absolute zero. Superconductivity refers to the phenomenon where the resistance of some materials becomes zero at low temperatures.

When we combine these two phenomena, we will understand why GBW becomes so small at low temperatures and in superconducting states.

GBW, short for lattice vibration, is the phenomenon of ions or atoms in a solid material vibrating periodically in the crystal lattice. At normal temperature and pressure, GBW is quite active, but when the temperature drops to a certain level, it becomes as well-behaved as a disciplined child, no longer as casual.

So, what is the temperature threshold for this?

This starts with the principles of low temperature and superconductivity:

At low temperatures, the atomic spacing of solid materials changes, and the energy of atomic vibrations decreases. This is similar to how we put our hands in our pockets to keep warm in winter; the atoms also huddle closely together at low temperatures to lower their own energy. In a superconducting state, the resistance between atoms becomes zero, and current can flow freely within the material.

For example, when we play on a slide, there is no friction, so we can slide down without any resistance.

So, why does GBW decrease at low temperatures and in superconducting states?

This involves an important physical phenomenon called "spontaneous symmetry breaking."

At low temperatures and in superconducting states, the crystal structure of the material changes, and the originally symmetrical structure is destroyed, showing an asymmetric state. This asymmetric state leads to a reduction in the energy of GBW.

At the same time, because the resistance of superconducting materials suddenly becomes zero at low temperatures, the internal electron motion exhibits a special pattern. In other words, current can flow freely within the material, preventing GBW from raging inside the material and keeping it in check.

At low temperatures, the critical magnetic field of superconducting materials increases, meaning that the critical current of superconducting materials decreases under the same magnetic field. There is a direct relationship between the critical current and the GBW parameter. Therefore, at low temperatures and in superconducting states, in order to meet the decrease in critical current, the GBW parameter will also decrease accordingly.

Well, that's all for today's discussion with VBsemi! If you like it, please follow and give a thumbs up! Creating content is not easy, and your support will be VBsemi's greatest motivation to continue creating! See you next time!